還椰子油一份公道 (12)

翟本瑞為南華大學社會所教授，尤惠貞為南華大學哲學所副教授。

本書1999年出版，原書名為《椰子油的治病奇蹟》，數度再版，後改為現在名稱。本文作者雖然有著長期使用椰子油的經驗，然而，為了要糾正一般社會對椰子油的錯誤觀念，並消除主觀情緒上的恐荒，下文討論主要依據Bruce Fife, The Coconut Oil Miracle, 2004, N.Y.: Avery,一書立論。 中文內容亦參考周苓仲對該書的摘要介紹文章〈保護人體健康的椰子油奇跡〉，2006/3/3, http://1home.hainan.net/techforum/Content/157/519235.shtml。本文並非原創性的學術研究，而是希望將正確的椰子油相關研究及客觀知識介紹給台灣一般民眾，行文中不一一說明引用頁碼，然參考其他非Bruce該書資料時，則另加說明出處。Bruce Fife在本書內頁寫了如下的免責宣言：

本書中所包含的所有資訊都是充份而精確的，即令如此，出版商及作者並不企圖針對特定讀者提供專業建議或服務。本書中所有的觀念、程序及建議都不應取代您對醫師的諮詢。凡涉及您的健康之事都應在醫療體系監控下進行。對於因本書關連到或建議出的訊息所可能造成的損失或損害，作者及出版商都不予負責。

事實上，雖然本書完全依據客觀科學、醫藥相關研究來立論，但針對數十年積非成是，以及龐大利益糾葛，明哲保身還是最重要的立場。同樣的，本文重點在於介紹椰子油的客觀資訊，在一般觀念改變之前，所有的選擇與判斷，也都要由讀者自行甄酌審視，外人無法為您負責。

本文註釋中所引用到的醫學期刊研究成果，目的只在提供有興趣讀者參閱，並證明有科學客觀研究成果支持相關立論，都是二手轉引，並非直接參閱，目的在於介紹，特此說明。

本節討論主要根據Mary G. Enig, “Coconut: In Support of Good Health in the 21st Century,” http://www.coconutoil.com/coconut_oil_21st_century.htm以及Mary G. Enig, “Coconut: In Support of Good Health in the 21st Century,” http://www.mercola.com/2001/jul/28/coconut_health.htm

參見Mary G. Enig的系列研究，並參見Ravnskov U. (1995). “Quotation bias in reviews of the diet-heart idea,” Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 48:713-719. Smith RL.(1991). The Cholesterol Conspiracy. Warren H Green Inc. St. Louis, Missouri

Keys A, Anderson JT, Grande F.( 1957) Prediction of serum-cholesterol responses of man to changes in the diet. Lancet, 959

Willett W.(1990). “Editorial: Challenges for public health nutrition in the 1990s,” American Journal of Public Health. 80:1295-1298

Blackburn GL, Kater G, Mascioli EA, Kowalchuk M, Babayan VK, kBistrian BR.(1989) “A reevaluation of coconut oil's effect on serum cholesterol and atherogenesis,” The Journal of the Philippine Medical Association 65:144-152

Hostmark AT, Spydevold O, Eilertsen E.(1980). “Plasma lipid concentration and liver output of lipoproteins in rats fed coconut fat or sunflower oil,” Artery 7:367-383

Awad AB.(1981). “Effect of dietary lipids on composition and glucose utilization by rat adipose tissue,” Journal of Nutrition 111:34-39.

Mendis S, Wissler RW, Bridenstine RT, Podbielski FJ.(1989) “The effects of replacing coconut oil with corn oil on human serum lipid profiles and platelet derived factors active in atherogenesis,” Nutrition Reports International 40:No.4;Oct.1989.

Kurup PA, Rajmohan T. II(1995). “Consumption of coconut oil and coconut kernel and the incidence of atherosclerosis.” pp 35-59 inProceedings Symposium on Coconut and Coconut Oil in Human Nutrition. 27 March 1994. Coconut Development Board, Kochi, India, 1995

Kaunitz H, Dayrit CS.(1992) “Coconut oil consumption and coronary heart disease.” Philippine Journal of Internal Medicine 30:165-171

Prior IA, Davidson F, Salmond CE, Czochanska Z.(1981) “Cholesterol, coconuts, and diet on Polynesian atolls: a natural experiment: the Pukapuka and Tokelau Island studies.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 34:1552-1561.

Frantz, I.D., & J.B. Carey, Jr.(1961). "Cholesterol content of human liver after feeding of corn oil and hydrogenated coconut oil." Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 106:800-801.

Halden VW, Lieb H.(1961) “Influence of biologically improved coconut oil products on the blood cholesterol levels of human volunteers.” Nutr Dieta 3:75-88.

Hashim SA, Clancy RE, Hegsted DM, Stare FJ.(1959) “Effect of mixed fat formula feeding on serum cholesterol level in man.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 7:30-34.

Ahrens E.H., Jr. Hirsech J., Insull W., Jr. Tsaltas T.T., Blomstrand R. and Peterson M.L. (1957). "The influence of dietary fats on serum lipid levels in man." Lancet 1:943-953.

Bierenbaum JL, Green DP, Florin A, Fleishman AI, Caldwell AB.(1967) “Modified-fat dietary management of the young male with coronary disease: a five-year report.” Journal of the American Medical Association 202:1119-1123.

Sundram K, Hayes KC, Siru OH.(1994) “Dietary palmitic acid results in lower serum cholesterol than does a lauric-myristic acid combination in normolipemic humans.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59:841-846.

Tholstrup T, Marckmann P, Jespersen J, Sandstrom B.(1994) “Fat high in stearic acid favorably affects blood lipids and factor VII coagulant activity in comparison with fats high in palmitic acid or high in myristic and lauric acids.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 59:371-377

Ng TKW, Hassan K, Lim JB, Lye MS, Ishak R.(1991) “Nonhypercholesterolemic effects of a palm-oil diet in Malaysian volunteers.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 53:1015S-1020S.

Felton CV, Crook D, Davies MJ, Oliver MF.(1994) “Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and composition of human aortic plaques.” Lancet, 344:1195-1196.

Weston Price Foundation, “Myths And Truths about Fats,” in http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/coconut.htm

本節討論主要整理自coconut　research　center的官方網站http://www.coconutresearchcenter.org/

參見〈椰子油　棕櫚油有助減肥〉，http://jiankang.hnby.com.cn/jsjh/yssss/t20060524_521525.htm

Lim-Sylianco CY.(1987) “Anticarcinogenic effect of coconut oil.” The Philippine Journal of Coconut Studies 12:89-102.

Reddy BS, Maeura Y(1984). “Tumor promotion of dietary fat in azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in female F 344 rats.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 72:745- 750

Cohen LA, Thompson DO, Maeura Y, Choi K, Blank M, Rose DP.(1986a) “Dietary fat and mammary cancer. I. Promoting effects of different dietary fats on N-nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary tumorigenesis.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77:33. Cohen LA, Thompson DO, Choi K, Blank M, Rose DP.(1986b) “Dietary fat and mammary cancer. II. Modulation of serum and tumor lipid composition and tumor prostaglandins by different dietary fats: Association with tumor incidence patterns.” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 77:43